Saturday, March 5, 2011

Income Statement Overview


Also called earnings statement or profit & loss statement.
          Matches revenues & expenses over a period of time, e.g., quarter or year
Flow measure statement: each value on an income statement represents cumulative amount of that item through the accounting period.
 Profit vs. Cash flow: Seldom the same, Accrual vs. Cash accounting
 Income Statement Items
  1. Net Sales: Gross sales-(returns & allowances)
  2. Cost of Goods Sold (COGS)
Direct costs of manufacturing/selling a product
COGS = Beginning Inventory +Materials Purchases - Ending Inventory.

     3. Operating Expenses:
Include management salaries, advertising expenditures, repairs & maintenance, R&D, general & administrative expenses
     
     4. Interest Expense: Cost of borrowing money
     5. Taxes: Federal, state and/or local levels.
     6. New Income:
'bottom line' of income statement
Base profit earned during accounting period

Income Statement Ratio: indicators of firm's current and future performance

Earning Per Share: Net Income Available to Common Shareholders/ number of common shares outstanding.

P/E Ratio: Price per share of common stock/ Earnings per share(EPS)

We would prefer to see I higher EPS which means that the company generates more profit for their shareholders.
the P/E ratio is an important investment tool also


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